HDF VS MDF; PROS, CONS, AND REAL-TIME COST INSIGHTS
There are many options in the market for different kinds of wood, such as MDF (medium-density fibreboard), MFC (melamine-faced chipboard), plywood, and HDF (high-density fibreboard). Each material is unique in its own way, with different purposes, costs, and benefits.
It is essential to know the differences between these materials so that you can understand their various uses.
This article will compare two of these materials, high-density fiberboard and medium-density fiberboard bringing to light their pros, cons, and real-life cost insights.
Table of Contents
What Is HDF
HDF refers to High-Density Fibreboard, which is an engineered wood manufactured from compressed wood fibres. The compressed density stands at 900kg/m³, which makes it stronger than MDF (medium-density fibreboard).
This level of density makes it especially suitable for laminate flooring products, among many other uses such as door skins and underlayment.
The thickness of HDF stands between 3mm and 8mm.
Pros and Cons of HDF
Pros
Durability
One of the major advantages of HDF is its durability and strength. With a superior density of approximately 900kg/m³, it has the strength to withstand impact, dents, and wear in high-traffic areas of the home, such as kitchen cabinets or flooring. This makes it a strong option, as it stands the test of time without wearing off due to impact.
Stability
Since it is majorly used for flooring, which can be affected by unfavourable weather, it is a good option because it is less prone to warping, swelling, or cracking due to temperature changes.
Smooth Surface
HDF is a perfect option for painting, laminating, and veneers because of its uniform texture, which enables precise detailing. An example is shaker doors.
Moisture Resistance
HDF is very good for use in areas such as kitchens and bathrooms. It is resistant to moisture when properly sealed and also provides good sound insulation for multi-story homes.
Cons
Higher Cost
HDF costs more than MDF. A rough estimate is between $10 and $20 per sheet, making it more expensive and having a higher impact on project budgets.
Workability
HDF is hard to work with and requires sharper and stronger tools to cut and shape. Because of its compressed fibres, it demands more effort, yet it does not chip away during cutting.
Weight
HDF is usually heavier than MDF because a large amount of fibreboard is compressed together. This makes it require strong support during transportation, handling, and installation.
Not Fully Waterproof
While it is moisture-resistant, it cannot withstand prolonged exposure to water, especially when it is not fully sealed. When damaged, it requires full replacement, as it cannot be repaired.
What Is MDF
MDF (medium-density fibreboard) is an engineered wood product made from high-temperature wood fibres combined with resin and wax, which are then pressed into dense panels.
The compressed density stands within the range of 680kg/m³ to 730kg/m³.
It consists of 82% wood fibres, 9% urea-formaldehyde resin, 8% water, and 1% paraffin wax.
Pros and Cons of MDF
Pros
Price
The price of MDF is lower than that of HDF, with a rough estimate of $5 to $10 per sheet, making it affordable. This also makes it a good choice for large-scale projects such as furniture and shelving.
Better Workability
MDF is easy to work with, as cuts and shapes can be made easily using standard tools. This allows for clean cuts with smooth edges, making it ideal for intricate designs, mouldings, and cabinet styles without much splintering.
Smooth Surface
Like HDF, MDF has a naturally smooth surface and a texture suitable for paints, stains, laminates, and veneers. This makes it a perfect choice for painted finishes in prototypes and decorative elements.
Lightweight
Since MDF does not have as much compressed fibreboard as HDF, it is lighter in weight, making it more mobile, easier to manoeuvre, and suitable for solo installation.
Cons
Limited Durability and Strength
MDF is not as durable as HDF. Due to its softer composition, it can easily develop dents, chips, or sagging under heavy loads when used as kitchen cabinets or shelves. It is not suitable for high-impact flooring or heavily used tabletops.
Poor Moisture Tolerance
MDF absorbs water easily, which causes swelling and warping in unfavourable conditions such as humid environments. The best way to reduce this issue is for it to be thoroughly sealed.
Health Safety
During work, MDF generates a lot of dust and fine particles when cutting, which makes it necessary to wear protective masks. It also contains formaldehyde, which may off-gas indoors.
Repair Challenges
Since MDF is not the best option in terms of durability, when a section is damaged, repairs are almost impossible. It often requires full replacement of the affected parts.
Conclusion
Using either HDF or MDF in your wood projects depends on your priorities. HDF is suitable for projects that require durability and strength, although the scale of the project must be considered because it is more costly than MDF. HDF is best for high-traffic areas such as kitchen cabinets or large libraries. MDF is a good choice for budget-friendly projects, such as hobbyist carpentry work, and for projects that prioritise ease of shaping.
Related: Read on the 5 key differences between hardwood and softwood